Cook the noodles: Boil according to package directions until just tender. Drain and rinse briefly with cool water to stop cooking. Toss with a splash of oil to prevent sticking.
Whisk the peanut sauce: In a bowl, whisk peanut butter, soy sauce, lime juice, honey, chili-garlic sauce, and sesame oil.
Add warm water a little at a time until the sauce is smooth and pourable, like heavy cream. Taste and adjust salt, sweetness, and heat.
Season the shrimp: Pat shrimp dry. Toss with a pinch of salt and pepper.
If you like, add a dash of fish sauce for umami.
Stir-fry the shrimp: Heat 1 tbsp oil in a large skillet or wok over medium-high heat. Add shrimp in a single layer and cook 1–2 minutes per side, just until pink and opaque. Transfer to a plate.
Sauté aromatics: Add the remaining 1 tbsp oil to the pan.
Add garlic and ginger. Cook 30 seconds until fragrant, stirring often.
Add vegetables: Toss in bell pepper, carrots, and cabbage. Stir-fry 2–3 minutes until crisp-tender.
Season with a splash of soy sauce if needed.
Combine noodles and sauce: Add the cooked noodles to the pan. Pour in most of the peanut sauce and toss with tongs until everything is coated. If it looks thick, add a bit more warm water.
Return the shrimp: Add shrimp back in and toss gently.
Warm through for 1 minute. Add more sauce to taste.
Finish and serve: Turn off heat. Stir in scallions.
Plate and top with cilantro, chopped peanuts, and sesame seeds. Serve with lime wedges.