Prep the oven and pan: Preheat to 400°F (200°C).
Grease a 9x13-inch baking dish or similar casserole dish.
Cut the cauliflower: Break the head into evenly sized florets. Aim for medium pieces so they cook through without turning mushy.
Roast the cauliflower: Toss florets with 1 tablespoon oil, salt, and pepper. Spread on a sheet pan and roast for 18–20 minutes until lightly golden at the edges.
Set aside.
Sear the chicken: Season chicken with salt, pepper, and half the Italian seasoning. Heat 1 tablespoon oil in a large skillet over medium-high. Sear chicken 3–4 minutes per side until lightly browned (it doesn’t need to be fully cooked).
Transfer to a plate.
Sauté aromatics: Lower heat to medium. Add 1 tablespoon butter. Cook onion 3–4 minutes until soft.
Stir in garlic for 30 seconds until fragrant.
Make the sauce: Add remaining butter, then sprinkle in flour. Whisk for 1 minute. Slowly pour in chicken broth, whisking until smooth.
Add cream, Dijon, smoked paprika, and remaining Italian seasoning. Simmer 2–3 minutes until slightly thickened.
Add the tang and cheese: Off the heat, whisk in Greek yogurt, Parmesan, and lemon juice. Taste and season with salt and pepper.
The sauce should be silky, creamy, and well seasoned.
Assemble the bake: Spread roasted cauliflower and seared chicken in the baking dish. Pour the sauce over everything, tossing gently to coat. Top with shredded mozzarella or Gruyère.
Bake: Reduce oven to 375°F (190°C).
Bake 18–22 minutes, until bubbling and the cheese is melted.
Broil for color (optional): Broil 1–2 minutes for a golden top. Watch closely to avoid burning.
Rest and garnish: Let it sit 5 minutes so the sauce settles. Sprinkle with parsley or chives and serve warm.