Cook the pasta: Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil.
Cook pasta until just al dente, 1 to 2 minutes shy of package directions. Reserve 1 cup pasta water, then drain.
Whisk the peanut sauce: In a bowl, whisk peanut butter, soy sauce, rice vinegar, honey, chili-garlic sauce, sesame oil, and 1/2 cup warm water (or coconut milk). Adjust thickness with more liquid until smooth and pourable.
Taste and tweak with lime juice and a pinch more sweetener or soy as needed.
Season and sear the chicken: Pat chicken dry and season with salt and pepper. Heat oil in a large skillet over medium-high. Add chicken and cook 4 to 6 minutes, stirring once or twice, until golden and cooked through.
Transfer to a plate.
Sauté aromatics and veggies: In the same pan, add a splash more oil if needed. Add garlic and ginger; cook 30 seconds until fragrant. Add bell pepper, carrots, and peas; sauté 2 to 3 minutes until crisp-tender.
Bring it together: Return chicken to the pan.
Pour in the peanut sauce and toss to coat. If it’s too thick, loosen with reserved pasta water a splash at a time.
Add pasta: Add drained pasta to the pan and toss over low heat for 1 to 2 minutes until everything is glossy and well-coated. Squeeze in lime juice and taste.
Adjust salt, heat, or sweetness as needed.
Garnish and serve: Off the heat, top with chopped peanuts, green onions, and cilantro. Serve warm with extra lime wedges.