Preheat and prep: Heat your oven to 375°F (190°C).
Lightly grease a 9x13-inch baking dish.
Cook the base: If using pasta, boil until just shy of al dente (it will finish in the oven). If using riced cauliflower, sauté in a skillet with a splash of olive oil for 3–4 minutes to steam off extra moisture.
Brown the protein: In a large skillet, cook the ground turkey or chicken with a pinch of salt and pepper over medium-high heat. Break it up as it cooks until no pink remains.
Add flavor: Stir in garlic, Italian seasoning, crushed red pepper, and the mushrooms, peppers, and onion.
Sauté 3–4 minutes until fragrant and slightly softened.
Sauce it up: Pour in the marinara and simmer 2–3 minutes. Taste and adjust salt and pepper. Fold in spinach until just wilted.
Boost the protein: In a small bowl, whisk cottage cheese or ricotta with 2 tablespoons Parmesan and a pinch of pepper.
This creamy layer adds protein and keeps the casserole moist.
Assemble: Spread the pasta or riced cauliflower in the baking dish. Top with the meat-and-sauce mixture. Dollop the cottage cheese mixture over the top and gently swirl it in.
Sprinkle mozzarella and remaining Parmesan evenly. Add turkey pepperoni and olives if using.
Bake: Cover loosely with foil and bake for 15 minutes. Remove foil and bake another 10–15 minutes until the cheese is melted and bubbling with golden spots.
Rest and serve: Let it rest 5–10 minutes so it sets.
Garnish with fresh basil. Slice and serve hot.