Salt your water well. Bring a large pot of water to a rolling boil and add a generous amount of salt. You want it to taste like the sea so the pasta is seasoned from the start.
Cook the pasta. Add your pasta and cook until just al dente.
Before draining, reserve 1 cup of pasta water. Drain and set aside.
Brown the turkey. In a large skillet, heat 1 tablespoon olive oil over medium-high heat. Add the ground turkey, season with salt and pepper, and cook until browned with crispy edges, about 6–8 minutes.
Break it into small pieces as it cooks. Transfer to a plate.
Build the flavor base. In the same skillet, lower the heat to medium. Add the remaining 1 tablespoon olive oil and the butter.
Stir in the shallot (or onion) and a pinch of salt. Cook until translucent, 2–3 minutes.
Sweat the garlic. Add the minced garlic and red pepper flakes (if using). Cook 30–60 seconds, stirring.
You want it fragrant but not browned.
Deglaze and simmer. Pour in the broth, scraping up any browned bits from the pan. Let it simmer for 2 minutes to reduce slightly.
Creamy backbone. Stir in the cream. Simmer gently for 2–3 minutes until the sauce thickens a bit.
Keep the heat low to avoid curdling.
Emulsify with pasta water. Add 1/4 cup of the reserved pasta water and whisk. This helps the sauce get glossy and clingy. You can add more later if needed.
Add the turkey back. Return the cooked turkey to the skillet and toss to coat in the sauce.
Warm through for 1–2 minutes.
Melt in the Parmesan. Reduce heat to low. Sprinkle in the Parmesan gradually, stirring until smooth. If the sauce gets too thick, loosen with more pasta water a splash at a time.
Green it up (optional). Fold in spinach until just wilted, or add peas and cook 1 minute.
Brighten. Stir in lemon zest and 1–2 teaspoons lemon juice.
Taste and adjust salt and pepper. The lemon should lift the richness, not overwhelm it.
Toss with pasta. Add the cooked pasta directly to the skillet and toss until every strand is coated. Aim for a sauce that lightly pools at the bottom; add a final splash of pasta water if needed.
Finish and serve. Sprinkle with parsley and extra Parmesan.
Serve hot with cracked black pepper.