Prep the drumsticks: Pat the chicken dry with paper towels.
Dry skin is key for crisping. Toss with olive oil.
Mix the dry rub: In a small bowl, combine salt, pepper, garlic powder, onion powder, smoked paprika, and cayenne (if using). Sprinkle evenly over the drumsticks and rub to coat.
Make the glaze: In a saucepan, whisk together ketchup, brown sugar, apple cider vinegar, Worcestershire, mustard, smoked paprika, garlic powder, black pepper, and red pepper flakes.
Simmer over medium-low heat for 5–7 minutes until glossy and slightly thickened. Remove from heat.
Oven method: Heat oven to 425°F (220°C). Line a sheet pan with foil and set a wire rack on top.
Place drumsticks on the rack, leaving space between them. Bake 20 minutes.
First glaze: Brush drumsticks generously with the brown sugar BBQ glaze. Return to the oven and bake 10 minutes.
Second glaze and finish: Brush again.
Bake another 10–12 minutes, until the skin is caramelized and the internal temperature reaches 175°F for tender, pull-from-the-bone meat (at least 165°F is safe, but 175°F gives a better texture for drumsticks).
Optional broil: For extra char, broil on high for 1–2 minutes, watching closely so the sugar doesn’t burn.
Rest and serve: Let the drumsticks rest 5 minutes. Brush with a final light coat of glaze for shine. Serve warm.
Grill method (alternative): Heat grill to medium (about 375–400°F).
Oil grates. Grill drumsticks 18–22 minutes, turning every 4–5 minutes. Start brushing with glaze during the last 8–10 minutes, layering on two to three coats.
Move to indirect heat if flare-ups occur. Cook to 175°F.